Investigating Z

In this paper we introduce and investigate an improved kernel logic Z C for the speciication language Z. Unlike the standard accounts, this logic is consistent and is easily shown to be sound. We show how a complete schema calculus can be derived within this logic and in doing so we reveal a high degree of logical organisation within the language. Finally, our approach eschews all non-standard concepts introduced in the standard approach, notably object level notions of substitution and entities which share properties both of constants and variables. We show, in addition, that these unusual notions are derivable in Z C and are, therefore, unnecessary innovations.